who funds the ford foundation

[14][15] The outcomes of scholarship by its grantees from the late 20th century through the 21st century have contributed to substantial data and scholarship including national surveys such as the Nelson Diversity Surveys in STEM.[16][17][18][19]. [11] These areas of action were identified in a 1949 report by Horace Rowan Gaither. According to Forbes, "Ford spends between $500 million and $550 million a year to support social justice work around the world. 17 September 2020 – 14 August 2021 . The foundation was established January 15, 1936[3] in Michigan by Edsel Ford (president of the Ford Motor Company) and two other executives "to receive and administer funds for scientific, educational and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare." Baer’s neighbor, Fortune Magazine writer Nina Easton, reported that the assault on Baer was only one of the group’s targets for the day; Goehl and the rest of the activists then packed into 14 school buses and moved on to repeat their tactics at the home of JP Morgan executive Peter Scher. Ford Motor Company and Ford Fund are completely separate entities from the Ford Foundation in New York. [39], In 1976, the foundation helped launch the Grameen Bank, which offers small loans to the rural poor of Bangladesh. After the deaths of Edsel Ford in 1943 and Henry Ford in 1947, the presidency of the foundation fell to Edsel's eldest son, Henry Ford II. Apply for Grants. In 2011 and 2012, the Ford Foundation donated over $1 million each year to a radical organization called “Latino Justice PDLDEF.” While Latino Justice claims to be “committed to justice and leadership,” it seems to have a skewed definition of what “justice” means. But CRL’s relationships with its credit union and lending affiliates—as well as several of its donors with vested interests in the financial industry—paint a much different picture. Objectives: Established in 1936 by the President of the Ford Motor Company, the Ford Foundation is one of the largest and most influential private foundations in the world.In 2011, the Ford Foundation granted more than $400 million to organisations implementing projects towards poverty reduction, the promotion of democracy and the advancement of knowledge worldwide. Most family foundations are run by family members who … And the Labor Community Strategy Center doesn’t want the fight to end there. This contract supports building a novel Anonymous Communication Experimentation (ACE) software framework and developing a user interface, a toolkit to model inputs and visualize outputs, and a data repository to share and archive results. Today’s Ford Foundation contributes to communist conspirators and radical environmental groups who openly fight against American entrepreneurialism and, in some cases, fight against the use of automobiles too. It quickly became clear that the foundation would become the largest philanthropic organization in the world. Despite the fact that capitalism empowered Henry Ford to establish the Ford Motor Company, the Ford Foundation has no qualms about funding an organization that actively promotes the destruction of free markets. VI. In response, the foundation adopted stricter criteria for funding. President of the Ford Motor Company and son of company founder Henry Ford, Edsel Ford created the Ford Foundation in 1936 at the age of 43 to “receive and administer funds for scientific, educational and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare.” An auto visionary in his own right, he also had deep interest in the arts and humanities. For fiscal year 2014, it reported assets of US$12.4 billion and approved US$507.9 million in grants. Finally, Henry Ford II resigned from his trustee's role in a surprise move in December 1976. [53][54] John J. McCloy, the foundation's chairman from 1958–1965, knowingly employed numerous US intelligence agents and, based on the premise that a relationship with the CIA was inevitable, set up a three-person committee responsible for dealing with its requests. As of May 4, 2013, the foundation was second in terms of assets[1] and tenth in terms of annual grant giving. James Armsey oversaw the formation of educational television at the Foundation in the 1950s and 1960s. Requests for support are accepted and reviewed throughout the year. The board of directors decided to diversify the foundation's portfolio and gradually divested itself of its substantial Ford Motor Company stock between 1955 and 1974. Activist Facts is committed to accuracy. For instance, Latino Justice calls for the immediate release of convicted terrorist Oscar Lopez. In 1951, the foundation made its first grant to support the development of the public broadcasting system, then known as National Educational Television (NET), which went on the air in 1952. The Black-Led Movement Fund (BLMF), led by Borealis Philanthropy, is a collaborative and pooled donor fund established by the Ford Foundation and Anonymous Donors. Organization may not be currently receiving other grant funds from the Foundation, with the exception of Technical Assistance Grants. [10], After its establishment in 1936, Ford Foundation shifted its focus from Michigan philanthropic support to five areas of action. Under the leadership of Goehl, NPA has focused on intimidating its opponents. Ford Foundation: $150,000 (To develop PunditFact) 2013. Their actions so terrified the only member of the Baer family home at the time, Baer’s teenage son, that he was forced to lock himself in a bathroom and wait for help. Activist Facts is a project of the Center for Organizational Research and Education. The Ford Foundation, which was first created by the founders of the Ford Motor Company, added a $2,350,000 donation. 24 on the Forbes 2018 World's Most Innovative Companies list, the Ford Foundation utilized its endowment to invest in innovative and sustainable change leadership shifting the model of grant-making in the 21st century. [63], Source: History of Ford Foundation[64][65], Private foundation based in New York City, Law school clinics and civil rights litigation, New York City public school decentralization, Native Arts and Culture Foundation endowment repatriation, Relationship with the United States Government, Placed on national security watch list of India, 2005 Michigan Attorney General investigation, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, impact investing via mission-related investments (MRIs), Financial endowment § Ethics and endowment repatriation, New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, "The Ford Foundation Financial Statements As of December 31, 2014 and 2013", "A Memoir of the Ford Foundation: The Early Years", "Development Studies: Foundations & Philanthropies", "In the American grain: The amazing story of Henry Ford", https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org//sites/a80c9530-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5d8de3e1-en&_csp_=fcd6b6f78f50e596d3bf597cb6b3e3b5&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=chapter#, "Achieving Diversity in the Professoriate: Challenges and Opportunities", "Making It Count: The Evolution of the Ford Foundation's Diversity Data Collection - The Center for Effective Philanthropy", "Nelson Diversity Surveys: A Rich Data Source regarding Women and Minorities in Science", "Nelson Diversity Surveys - UC Davis ADVANCE", "Michigan Attorney General Looks Into Policies of Ford Foundation", "Henry Ford 2d Quits Foundation, Urges Appreciation for Capitalism", "FOUNDATION WOES THE SAGA OF HENRY FORD II: PART TWO", "Ford Foundation elects Henry Ford III to Board of Trustees", "First Ford since 1976 named to Ford Foundation board", "Top 100 U.S. The following day, “FBI agents discovered bomb-making material” in an apartment rented by Lopez. Ford Foundation is one of the largest, independent grantmaking organizations in the world, with an extensive presence in many countries of the world. Groups like the Ford Foundation, Borealis Philanthropy, and Democracy Alliance tend to establish large funds that are disbursed to many smaller organizations, chapters, and individual activists. The office is so extravagant that it even includes a massive indoor garden complete with numerous terraces, granite steps, and a pool of water. [47] [48], Ranked No. In 2012 the Ford Foundation awarded $650,000 to National People’s Action, one of the controversial organizing groups behind the Occupy Movement. [3] This divestiture allowed Ford Motor to become a public company. To learn more about the work Ford Fund is doing to strengthen communities and make people’s lives better around the world, view our 2019 Annual Report. In the 1950 Report of the Study of the Ford Foundation on Policy and Program, the trustees set forth five "areas of action," according to Richard Magat (2012): economic improvements, education, freedom and democracy, human behavior, and world peace. Democracy Fund: $162,500 (To develop PunditFact) Ford Foundation: $150,000 (To develop PunditFact) 2012. This decision to repatriate a portion of the Ford Foundation's endowment came after self-initiated research into the Ford Foundation's history of support of Native and Indigenous artists and communities. [29] These grants continued, and in 1969 the foundation gave US$1 million to the Children's Television Workshop to help create and launch Sesame Street. NIF has also received $1 million total from the leftist Ford Foundation, spread over two separate half-million-dollar grants in 2009 and 2011. The Ford FOundation plans to study and support "a new form of social justice leadership" while helping end systemic racism as part of Black Lives Matter. Its atrium was designed with the notion of having urban greenspace accessible to all and is an example of the application in architecture of environmental psychology. The center refers to its campaign as “taking on car supremacy” in the name of “climate justice.”. [12][13], Since the middle of the 20th century, many of the Ford Foundation's programs have focused on increased under-represented or "minority" group representation in education, science and policy-making. United States, Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Asia. [43], In 2001, the foundation launched the International Fellowships Program (IFP) with a 12-year, $280 million grant, the largest in its history. That meant the total principal owed would actually grow over time, not shrink as is normally the case.”, Martin Eakes’ company, “Self-Help,” worked to find a market for the Sandler’s risky mortgages. Under the leadership of Goehl, NPA has focused on intimidating its opponents. Spencer Foundation. What Do We Fund? From 1960-72, Ford was an empire-builder. A notable example of this occurred in May 2010, when a Goehl-sactioned protest included roughly 500 NPA and Service Employees International Union (SEIU) activists who poured onto the lawn of Greg Baer, deputy general counsel for corporate law at Bank of America. Wells Fargo, “expects losses of $36 billion on the loans unless efforts to stem foreclosures help rescue part of the portfolio. He died seven years after creating the foundation, at age 49. Decentralization in Ocean Hill–Brownsville led to the firing of some white teachers and administrators, which provoked a citywide teachers' strike led by the United Federation of Teachers. The Ford Foundation plans to use proceeds from the sale of $1 billion in bonds to provide grants to nonprofits struggling from COVID-19. To reduce poverty and injustice, strengthen democratic values, promote international cooperation, and advance human achievement. While the foundation is noted worldwide for its philanthropy, behind the scenes the Ford Foundation is funding a left-wing agenda that undermines “the system that makes the foundation possible”– free enterprise. In 1975, the FALN bombed the historic Fraunces Taven in Manhattan. [11], The Ford Foundation is one of the primary foundations offering grants that support and maintain diversity in higher education with fellowships for pre-doctoral, dissertation, and post-doctoral scholarship to increase diverse representation among Native Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans, and other under-represented Asian and Latino sub-groups throughout the U.S. academic labor market. [59] Sommers alleged that the Ford Foundation funded feminist ideologies that marginalize boys and men. These grantees used Ford funds (including some grants of over $5 million) to successfully block efforts to check the growth of affirmative action in Michigan and other sta… Under pressure by several members of Congress, chief among them Rep. Jerrold Nadler, the foundation apologized and then prohibited the promotion of "violence, terrorism, bigotry or the destruction of any state" among its grantees. It has provided US$40 million to nongovernmental organizations in Israel since 2003 exclusively through the New Israel Fund (NIF), in the areas of advancing civil and human rights, helping Arab citizens in Israel gain equality and promoting Israeli-Palestinian peace. Foundation’s History: On 15 January 1936 Edsel Ford, the son of Henry Ford established the Ford Foundation with a $25,000 gift. During its early years, the foundation operated in Michigan under the leadership of Ford family members and their associates and supported the Henry Ford Hospital and the Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village, among other organizations. [3] By 1947, after the death of the two founders, the foundation owned 90% of the non-voting shares of the Ford Motor Company. [1][9] According to the OECD, the Ford Foundation provided US$224.4 million for development in 2018, all of which related to its grant-making activities. [35] The same year, the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund opened with funding from numerous organizations, including the foundation. The Ford Foundation continues to allow Martin Eakes to sit on their Board of Directors despite his dubious involvement in the subprime mortgage crisis. Among its grantees were the Regents of the University of Michigan, the Mexican American Legal Defense Education Fund, and the NAACP Legal and Defense Fund. For over eight decades their mission decisively advocates and supports the reduction of poverty and injustice among other values including the maintenance of democratic values, promoting engagement with other nations, and sustaining human progress and achievement at home and abroad. It lasts as long as the program officer who had an interest and then goes away" and recommended that an independent endowment be established and that "[n]ative leadership is crucial". The fall of the Soviet Union and the immediate fall of the entire Soviet bloc led to a period of grotesque capitalist triumphalism.”, The organization promises that it, “would never join the camp of recantation, anti-communism, or the destruction of the historical memory of the great revolutionary upsurges.” The group sees itself as part of a revolutionary movement that is fighting against, “forces of capitalist production, consumption, and contempt for nature and humanity.”, The Labor Community Strategy Center also recruits applicants for a “National School for Strategic Organizing.” This school promises to educate students on how to build, “a militant civil rights and environmental justice movement of the masses.”, In its “transformative organizing” workshop, the school informs potential students that they should work to achieve “radical social change through the strategy of building an international united front to challenge the U.S. Empire.”. To apply for support, an organization must complete a grant application online. Phone: (202) 720-7871 [35][37] In 1974, the foundation contributed funds to the Southwest Voter Registration Education Project[38] and the Latino Institute. American author, conservative philosopher, and critic of feminism Christina Hoff Sommers, criticized The Ford Foundation in her book The War Against Boys (2000) as well as other institutions in education and government. National People’s Action is led by George Goehl, a fanatical community organizer who is known for his dangerous tactics. The board of trustees then commissioned the Gaither Study Committee to chart the foundation's future. The report cites the fact that since 2016, the Ford Foundation has given around $7.8 million to Black Lives Matter and a series of similar groups through a partnership with Borealis Philanthropy. [7]) Between 1955 and 1974, the foundation sold its Ford Motor Company holdings and now plays no role in the automobile company. [60] Spanish judge Francisco Serrano Castro [es] made similar claims to Sommers in his 2012 book The Dictatorship of Gender. [45], In June 2020, Ford Foundation decided to raise $1 billion through a combination of 30 and 50- year bonds. In 1981, Oscar Lopez was arrested and convicted for conspiring to overthrow the U.S. government. We support high-quality, innovative research on education, broadly conceived. Though the foundation is headquartered in New York City, it is chartered in Michigan, giving that state some jurisdiction. Goehl not only endorses these actions, but has led dangerous protests onto the doorsteps of his enemies, targeting them and their families at their own homes. The attack killed 4 and injured 60. The Ford Family Foundation is a private, non-profit foundation with headquarters in Roseburg, Oregon. The Labor Community Strategy Center laments the downfall of the Soviet Union. Not everyone who claims to be with “Black Lives Matter” is a certified member of the group founded by Garza, Cullors, and Tometi. The committee, headed by California attorney H. Rowan Gaither, recommended that the foundation become an international philanthropic organization dedicated to the advancement of human welfare and "urged the foundation to focus on solving humankind's most pressing problems, whatever they might be, rather than work in any particular field...." The report was endorsed by the foundation's board of trustees, and they subsequently voted to move the foundation to New York City in 1953. It initially operated in Michigan, USA, and upon the deaths of both Henry and Edsel in the 1940s, the Foundation became the largest philanthropic organization in the world. While Henry Ford continues to personify the wealth and innovation that is consistently produced by free markets, the Ford Foundation has deeply betrayed his legacy by promoting an entirely opposing agenda. The Center encourages us to, “envision moving towards a 90% reduction in U.S. greenhouse gases by virtually eliminating the auto(mobile) and replacing it with a nationwide system of public transit” instead. Ahead of the foundation selling its Ford Motor Company holdings, in 1949 Henry Ford II created the Ford Motor Company Fund, a separate corporate foundation which to this day serves as the philanthropic arm of the Ford Motor Company and is not associated with the foundation. The foundation has fallen a few places in those lists in recent years, especially with the establishment of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000. [35] The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund was incorporated in 1967 with a US$2.2 million grant from the foundation. In light of these damaging revelations, it would be prudent for the Ford Foundation to revisit the words that Henry II wrote in 1977, “Perhaps it is time for the trustees and staff to examine the question of our obligations to our economic system and to consider how the foundation, as one of the system’s most prominent offspring, might act most wisely to strengthen and improve its progenitor.”. © 2021, Center for Organizational Research and Education. According to the NY Times, “The center was the successor to a smaller organization (Self-Help) in North Carolina” led by Martin Eakes. [33], In 1968, the foundation began disbursing $12 million to persuade law schools to make "law school clinics" part of their curriculum. [51], In 2007, the Ford Foundation co-founded the independent Native Arts and Culture Foundation by providing a portion of the new foundation's endowment out of the Ford Foundation's own. It shows that since 2010, CIMI has received $739,269 from the Ford Foundation, but it is not clear where the funds were spent. [35] In the same year, the foundation funded the establishment of the Southwest Council of La Raza, the predecessor of the National Council of La Raza. In October 2008, “Saturday Night Live” parodied the Sandlers in a skit about the financial crisis. The dividends of competitive enterprise make it all possible. [2][3][4][5] Created in 1936[6] by Edsel Ford and his father Henry Ford, it was originally funded by a US$25,000 gift from Edsel Ford. Roy links the Ford Foundation's establishment of an economics course at the Indonesian University with aligning students with the 1965 coup that installed Suharto as president. While the Ford Foundation purports to help the world’s poor, they are paying enormous overhead costs for expenses including, but not limited to, its posh midtown Manhattan office. [57], Ford Foundation was caught donating money without being registered as an Foreign Entity to politicians in India, once caught Ford Foundation's president reached out to John Podesta who worked for Chief of Staff for Obama at the time to get Modi to back off. This criticism came to light after the 2001 Durban Conference, where some nongovernmental organizations funded by the foundation backed resolutions equating Israeli policies as apartheid, and later, against those groups which support the delegitimization of Israel. Reverse the MTA fare increases, free student pass, free public transportation, 5,000 zero emission buses, a moratorium on rail and highway expansion, auto free zones, auto free freeways, auto free days, bus only lanes all over L.A.”. Ford will be the first nonprofit foundation in history to offer a labeled Social Bond in the U.S. taxable corporate bond market. The Ford Foundation was originally funded by bequests of Ford Motor Company stock from the estates of Henry and Edsel Ford. As conservative organizations began to win victories restricting the application of affirmative action programs, the Ford Foundation invested heavily in efforts to defend them. Most of America’s big-money philanthropies trace their largesse back to one or two wealthy contributors. [40], Between 1969 and 1978, the foundation was the biggest funder for research into In vitro fertilisation in the United Kingdom, which led to the first baby, Louise Brown born from the technique. About the center. The Knight Foundation… The company bragged that it had, “facilitated the extension of more than $3.6 billion in financing for home mortgages and loans.”  Its generous donors included “The Ford Foundation” as part of their effort to “provide a staggering $50 million to subsidize minority and low-income mortgages.”, The Sandlers have since become two of the most vilified faces of the financial crisis due to the fact that they marketed, “risky loans at the height of the housing bubble.” Housing lawyer William Purdy told the New York Times that Pick-A-Pay “is the most destructive financial weapon ever deployed against the American middle class.”, Prior to the collapse of the housing bubble, the Sandler’s sold their bank (along with subprime mortgage portfolio) to Wachovia. His sentence was later lengthened after he attempted to escape from prison on two separate occasions (the second attempt included plans for violence). Conservative critic Heather Mac Donald contends that the financial involvement of the foundation instead changed the clinics' focus from giving students practical experience to engaging in leftwing advocacy. Throughout the 1950s, the foundation provided arts and humanities fellowships that supported the work of figures like Josef Albers, James Baldwin, Saul Bellow, Herbert Blau, E. E. Cummings, Anthony Hecht, Flannery O'Connor, Jacob Lawrence, Maurice Valency, Robert Lowell, and Margaret Mead. Join us. Martin Eakes is the CEO of the Center for Responsible Lending, which describes itself as a “nonprofit, nonpartisan research and policy organization” working to eliminate predatory lending practices. [31], The foundation underwrote the Fund for the Republic in the 1950s. Ironically enough, the Ford Foundation gave the Labor Community Strategy Center $1 million over a span of four years even though the organization wants to ban automobiles. Between 2009 and 2012 the Ford Foundation donated a total of $1 million to the “Labor Community Strategy Center.” This organization openly promotes the communist ideology, as well as a radical green agenda. Foundations by Total Giving", "Rockefeller Archive Center to House Ford Foundation Records", "Ford outlays seek to broaden 'public media, Association of Public Television Stations, "A History of the San Francisco Actor's Workshop", "Case 36: Social Movements and Civil Rights Litigation", Ford Foundation 1967", "Guide to the National Council of La Raza Records,1968-1996", "Four Decades of Protecting Latino Civil Rights", "Southwest Voter Registration Education Project", "The Ocean Hill-Brownsville Crisis: New York's Antigone", "The Oldham Notebooks: An analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. This move itself sparked protest among university provosts and various non-profit groups on free speech issues. [36] In 1972, the foundation provided a three-year US$1.2 million grant to the Native American Rights Fund. The grants from the foundation are roughly a third of NIF's donor-advised giving, which totals about US$15 million a year. In effect, the foundation is a creature of capitalism.”. [27], In 2012, stating that it is not a research library, the foundation transferred its archives from New York City to the Rockefeller Archive Center in Sleepy Hollow, New York.[28]. When Baer arrived home, he had to fight through the mob of protestors just to get inside his home and ensure his son was safe. The losses caused analysts and others to reassess the Sandlers’ legacy.”. The National Science Foundation funds research and education in most fields of science and engineering. Ford Foundation Board Member Martin Eakes has been accused of playing a significant role in the ’08 financial crisis. “SCLC had received a $230,000 grant from the Ford Foundation that year.” The International Rice Research Institute and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center are part of a consortium of agricultural research organizations known as CGIAR . The final cohort has been selected, and the program will conclude in 2013. Email: [email protected]. The Ford Foundation is located in New York City at the Center for Social Justice—a hub for social good and the courageous people who devote their lives to achieving it. The building was recognized in 1968 by the Architectural Record as "a new kind of urban space". Clinics were intended to give practical experience in law practice while providing pro bono representation to the poor. [44], In April 2011, the foundation announced that it will cease its funding for programs in Israel as of 2013. In partnership with donors and activists, the BLMF aims to support philanthropic and field-building activities that strengthen the next generation of social justice leaders. [20] During its early years, the foundation operated in Michigan under the leadership of Ford family members and their associates and supported the Henry Ford Hospital and the Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village, among other organizations. The results of this research indicated "the inadequacy of philanthropic support for Native arts and artists", and related feedback from an unnamed Native leader that "once big foundations put the stuff in place for an Indian program, then it is not usually funded very well. The main aim was to help nonprofits hit by the pandemic. Sources of support and patterns of expenditure", "30 years of AIDS – Looking back at the Philanthropic Response", "U.S. Philanthropic Support to Address HIV/AIDS in 2010", "Ford Foundation, Big Funder of Israeli NGOs, Pulling Out", "Ford Foundation to raise $1B for coronavirus-hit nonprofits: Report", "Warner Bros. Issues Apology After 'The Witches' Faces Backlash From Disability Community | Hollywood Reporter", "Ford, Mellon Foundations Initiate Disability Futures Fellows, Awarding $50,000 to 20 Artists", "How The Ford Foundation Is Investing In Change", "Ford Foundation Outlines New Grantmaking Approach", "Native Arts and Cultures: Research, Growth and Opportunities for Philanthropic Support", "Funding Transatlantic Exchange between the Arts and Politics", https://thewire.in/diplomacy/revealed-how-ford-foundation-got-the-modi-government, "Washingtonpost.com: The War Against Boys: How Misguided Feminism Is Harming Our Young Men", The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, Bob Feldman, "Alternative Media Censorship sponsored by CIA's Ford Foundation?". Revealed: How Ford Foundation Got the Modi Government to Back Off From Its Expulsion Move. Their characters appeared in a mock congressional hearing, with the caption, “People Who Should Be Shot.” SNL and parent company NBC removed the skit from the Internet and reruns after the Sandlers protested loudly for censorship. In the course of 9 years, the FALN would set off nearly 140 bombs. Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater, Guide to the Robert Redfield, Ford Foundation Cultural Studies Program Records 1951-1961, University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Foundation&oldid=1005388849, Non-profit organizations based in New York City, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Fellows represent historically disadvantaged groups from outside the United States. But last year, it also pledged to plow up to $1 billion of its overall $12.5 billion endowment over the next decade into impact investing via mission-related investments (MRIs) that generate both financial and social returns. One of the Labor Community Strategy Center’s main campaigns calls for “No Cars in L.A.” According to its website, “we demand the radical restriction in auto use now.

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