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Convergent evolution is the process in which species that are not closely related to each other independently evolve similar kinds of traits. An example of this is the streamlined, bullet-type shape of sharks and dolphins that allows them to swim fast through the water. These structures need not have the same function as that of those of the species’ ancestors. Structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor. process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences However, sharks are fish and dolphins are mammals and they are very far apart on the evolutionary tree. The relationship between analogous structures in different species which is evolved by convergent evolution can less distinct as compared to the homologous structures that have the same basic structural plan. So, divergent evolution is the creation of new species through accumulation of many small ‘changes’ that have originated as a result of the natural selective pressures. Divergent evolution is typically exhibited when two populations become separated by a geographic barrier (such as in allopatric or peripatric speciation) and experience different selective pressures that drive adaptations to their new environment. None of these organisms owes its wings to genes inherited from any of the others. Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution, but homologous structures do not.
Analogous structures. In divergent evolution, homologous structures are structures indicating a species is diverging from its ancestor.
Essentially the two new species created will diverge from each other as they further evolve.
Divergent evolution or divergent selection is the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, leading to speciation. Convergent evolution by definition refers to similar traits by different means (e.g., the wings of insects and the wings of bats or birds), which represent analogous function attained independently by non-homologous structure and origin. For example, the forelimbs of humans and bats are homologous structures. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evolution, in which two similar but independent species evolve in the same direction and independently acquire similar characteristics. T…
Not until the latter half of the 20th century, when it became possible to analyze and compare DNA, could researchers reaffirm the evolutionary relatedness of species with homologous structures.
These independently evolved wings are called analogous structures. When biologists study evolution, they often distinguish between two different forms of evolution: convergent evolution and divergent evolution. It is a result of divergent evolution. While the evidence of homologous structures has long been known, it has just recently been widely accepted as evidence of evolution. Convergent evolution is the opposite of divergent evolution, in which related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is seen in how distinct species have evolved similar traits in response to a similar environment or pressure due to natural selection. These structures do not necessarily have to look exactly the same, or have the same function. Structures serve the same function, but originated independently in different groups of organisms that do not share a common ancestor. While the evidence of homologous structures has long been known, it has just recently been widely accepted as evidence of evolution. Homologous structures. For example, dragonflies, hawks, and bats all have wings. Each kind of wing evolved independently, suggesting that the trait of flight is a useful one for the purpose of survival and reproduction. Biologists have long used anatomical comparisons of animals to determine where on the evolutionary tree of life they are, to help them determine which animals may have shared an evolutionary history. divergent evolution. Homologous structures can be defined as the organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms that, by virtue of their similarity, belong to a common ancestor. a type of evolution in which organisms are thought to have the same ancestor, but …