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The recovery strategy benefited from input, review and suggestions from the following individuals: Karolyne Pickett, Jude Girard, Madeline Austen, Elizabeth Rezek, Lesley Dunn (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service Ontario), Gabrielle Fortin, Carollynne Smith, Sylvain Gigure, Pierre-Andr Bernier (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service Quebec), Paul Johanson (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service National Capital Region), Gary Allen, Josh Van Wieren, Colin Hoag, Eileen Nolan, Joanne Tuckwell and Harry Szeto (Parks Canada Agency), Amelia Argue, Joe Crowley, Vivian Brownell, Gillianne Marshall, Gillian Ferguson-Martin, Jay Fitzsimmons, Aileen Rapson, Dana Kinsman, Jim Saunders, Corina Brdar, Sandy Dobbyn, Graham Cameron, Megan Rasmussen, Valerie Vaillancourt, Eric Cobb, Nicki Boucher, Dr. Brian Naylor, Jean Enneson (Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry), Clint Jacobs (Walpole Island Heritage Centre) and staff from the Ministre des Forts, de la Faune et des Parcs. Major road changes in southern Ontario 1935-1995: Implications for protected areas. Magnitude of the Freshwater Turtle Exports from the US: Long Term Trends and Early Effects of Newly Implemented Harvest Management Regimes. Journal of Environmental Management 62(4):443-455. Ward, F.P., C.J. comm. Species at Risk Biologist. Further, recovery documents developed by the quipe de rtablissement des tortues du Qubec and the Ontario Multi-Species Turtles at Risk Recovery Team formed the foundation for earlier drafts of this document and are gratefully acknowledged. Medium-term performance indicators (15 years): Long-term performance indicators (50 years): One or more action plans will be posted on the SAR Public Registry for the Spotted Turtle by December, 2023. Along with approaches highlighted in Table 2, some knowledge gaps will also be filled via the schedule of studies to identify critical habitat (Table 5). galement disponible en franais sous le titre Programme de rtablissement de la tortue ponctue (Clemmys guttata ) au Canada . Cunnington, D.C., and R.J. Brooks. Element Occurrence: Area of land and/or water where a species or natural community is, or was, present and has practical conservation value (NatureServe 2014). Distance between aquatic habitat and nesting sites can vary greatly depending on site availability. [Accessed June 2018]. Trends in sex ratios of turtles in the United States: implications of road mortality. Develop a communication and outreach strategy or continue to implement existing communication and outreach tools to help address threats to the Spotted Turtle. 1999). 2001; Beaudry et al. Hatchlings generally emerge in the fall with the earliest recorded emergence on August 18th in Pennsylvania (Ernst and Lovich 2009). data), hummocks of grass, sedge or sphagnum moss marshy pastures (Ernst et al. xiv + 74 pp. Giving Spotted Turtles a Head Start Posted: July 03, 2017. comm. Over the next few months, I will be visiting a big spotted turtle population in Massachusetts. Removal of beaver dams or other water management activities (e.g., ditching, draining or water control structures (dams)) that alter the hydrology of overwintering sites during winter could result in mortality of the Spotted Turtle. Rasmussen, M.L. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Towards the end of the active season, individuals use both terrestrial and aquatic movement corridors to travel to overwintering sites. This suggests that home-range sizes might vary amongst northern and southern populations. Smithsonian Institution Press. Hudon, C., P. Gagnon, and M. Jean 2005. 2014. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario. Based on the following four criteria that Environment and Climate Change Canada uses to establish recovery feasibility, there are unknowns regarding the feasibility of recovery of the Spotted Turtle. In more northern populations, it was found that travelling distances to their summer inactivity sites is much smaller (3.5-26 m) (Reference removed; Reference removed). and J. Belnap. data; Enneson pers. The habitat connectivity criterion identifies unoccupied suitable habitat as critical habitat where it occurs within a dispersal distance of two Spotted Turtle observations, and is defined as: In locations where the habitat connectivity criterion applies, a minimum bounding polygonFootnote 48 is used, applied using an occupancy-based approach (around the 1 km radial area from a Spotted Turtle record) (Figure 3). Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. At Medouie Creek, our research documented the habitat preferences of turtles using wetlands on the property prior to increased salinity conditions that occurred in portions of the marsh immediately following oursalt marsh restoration project. comm. Determine the minimum habitat and population criteria for a viable local population (e.g., suitable habitat area, number of mature individuals) at the appropriate recovery scale. Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario. This recovery strategy addresses the unknowns surrounding the feasibility of recovery. data). 2005. In Quebec, although repeated surveys have been undertaken in potential habitat over the years, only two confirmed historic records exist for the Spotted Turtle in the southwestern portion of the province (Gigure pers. 33-84. There are 25 known extant local populations and an estimated 2,000-3,000 adults within the Canadian population of Spotted Turtle (COSEWIC 2014). If these activities were to occur outside the bounds of critical habitat, it could result in destruction of critical habitat if the wetland characteristics that contribute to critical habitat suitability are not maintained (e.g., hydrology of critical habitat). An example of a priority recruitment technique is: Develop a cost effective head starting protocol/program. Although some subpopulations are in protected areas, there is evidence from extensive monitoring and projected calculated declines that even these populations are in jeopardy despite low exposure to anthropogenic threats. Protect areas large enough to maintain viable populations and increase connectivity through stewardship, development of BMPs, and/or land conservation. Turtle Conservation. The primary threats to the Spotted Turtle include accidental mortality from roads and off-road vehicles, illegal collection, exotic and invasive species and land conversion for agriculture and development. However, telemetry studies show a high fidelity to core habitat areas, especially overwintering sites and sites of spring aggregationFootnote 20 (Reference removed; Litzgus et al. 2010) and is consistent with observed movements in Canada (Reference removed; Gillingwater and Piraino unpub. They have temperature-dependent sex determination meaning that the temperature of the nest during development determines the sex of a turtle. dependence on environmental conditions for the internal development of eggs and external incubation of eggs without parental care. spotted turtles (Jones and Willey 2013). Evaluate habitat use and reproductive success of Spotted Turtles in areas where restoration activities have taken place. Climate plays a vital role in sexual maturity and recruitment of turtles. A single event could cause destruction of critical habitat. Turtle habitat can be impacted by the degradation of water quality caused by the runoff of contaminated water from agricultural (nutrients and pesticides) and industrial zones (industrial waste), roads (e.g., de-icing salt), and urban areas (e.g., heavy metals) (Mitchell and Klemens 2000; Bishop et al. It is important that all required habitat areas are linked aquatically or semi-aquatically, and are in reasonable proximity to one another so that turtles can move between them with ease. Similar effects might be impacting Spotted Turtles. data in COSEWIC 2014). It is also necessary to fill the knowledge gaps which surround this species through a wide range of specific studies to ensure the completion of the long term population and distribution objective. Seburn, D. C 2001. Under the Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c.29) (SARA), the federal competent ministers are responsible for the preparation of recovery strategies for listed Extirpated, Endangered, and Threatened species and are required to report on progress within five years after the publication of the final document on the SAR Public Registry. Road mortality is of high concern in this province and road sections with high mortality rates of freshwater turtles have been identified in many areas, including national and provincial parks (Reference removed; Crowley and Brooks 2005; Ontario Road Ecology Group 2010). Spotted Turtles in northern populations reach sexual maturity much later than their southern counterparts (COSEWIC 2004), which reduces the number of reproductive years of an individual. comm. Beaudry, F., P.G. Vandewege, S.K. facilitate the collection of population information that will allow for more precise estimates of population size, age structure, sex ratios, and additional population information via mark recapture. Conduct intensive demographic studies in selected sites across the range to expand knowledge of population size, age composition and sex ratios. Thus, the critical habitat unit represents the maximum extent of critical habitat at a given location. Job (1) Spotted Turtle Conservation Genetics & Expanded Conservation Planning will expand and capitalize upon a recently funded Competitive State Wildlife Grant (CSWG) to develop a Conservation Plan for the Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata). 2001). Spotted turtle monthly survival estimates were high with an annual population growth rate >1. comm. To work towards achieving the population and distribution objectives, seven broad strategies for recovery have been established. In addition, particular biophysical attributes will be of greater importance to turtles at different points in time (e.g., during different life processes, seasons or at various times over the year). Improve recruitment in locations where Spotted Turtle is declining or viability is deemed compromised. 1999; Yagi and Litzgus 2012, 2013). Gage Printing. 2004. Activities may also affect dispersal corridors that connect these habitats. Females may travel relatively long distances when searching for suitable nesting sites, while males may travel long distances in search of mates (COSEWIC 2014). Adult females have orange to yellow mandiblesFootnote 14 and eyes, while these features of the adult males are brown (Harding 1997). 2003). 23 p. Enneson, J. Destruction may result from a single or multiple activities at one point in time or from the cumulative effects of one or more activities over time. Government of Canada. It is a small freshwater turtle species distinguished by its smooth, arched black carapaceFootnote 3 which has scattered yellow-orange spots. Overgrazing by livestock has also been reported as a threat to the species (COSEWIC 2014) but the severity of these threats to the Spotted Turtle is not well-documented. A significant number of spotted turtle populations in the province have disappeared due to habitat loss (draining or filling of wetlands), habitat degradation (overgrazing, pollution) and illegal collection for the pet industry. This team merged in 2012 with the Spiny Softshell Recovery Team, thus including a sixth species of turtle. Spotted Turtles reach sexual maturity between 11 and 15 years of age (Litzgus and Brooks 1998a, b). Ducks Unlimited. In Ontario, stabilize and if biologically and technically feasible, increase population abundance at local populations by increasing the amount of suitable habitat and/or mitigating threats. Predicting climate-change induced distributional shifts in Great Lakes region reptiles. Recovery strategy series. Methods to deal with elevated predation rates have been developed, such as placing predator exclusion cages over nests, and used with varying degrees of success (Seburn 2007; Riley and Litzgus 2013). Wetland and impoundment dredging for development or maintenance may affect turtles directly or indirectly. Critical habitat for Spotted Turtle is identified as the extent of suitable habitat (section 7.1.2) where the habitat occupancy criterion is met (section 7.1.1). There are many organizations and agencies that offer outreach/ educational programs about turtle species at risk to school groups, First Nations, and the general public (e.g., Reptiles at Risk on the Road Project, Georgian Bay Reptile Awareness Program, Ontario Nature, MNRF, Ontario Parks, Kawartha Turtle Trauma Centre, Toronto Zoo, and Upper Thames River Conservation Authority). 2018. 2000; Moll and Moll 2004). COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the spotted turtle Clemmys guttata in Canada.

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